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Gas Patio Heater Regulator It's crucial to know how to utilize a propane patio heater if need to stay warm during the cold winter. Matthew Griffith, prevention section chief of Montreal's fire department, said shoppers should be looking for products that are safe to use. The patio heater needs to be securely attached and there should be no fire-prone material in the vicinity. Pressure Regulator Gas regulators are essentially mechanical appliances that we use in our homes and cars every day without even giving them a second glance. Their invention, first introduced 135 years ago, has revolutionized how natural gas and propane are used for heating, cooking and oxyfuel welding. The basic function of regulators is the same, but there are many variations. The regulator uses an element that detects pressure, usually a fabric-reinforced dialythm, to control a valve's position and limit gas flow. The diaphragm is connected to the stem of the valve using rods that run through the diaphragm and set spring, then into the valve. The gas pressure coming from the pipeline or from the house is detected by this mechanism, and it adjusts the position of the valve plug to match it to the demand from the house. As the consumption of gas in the home decreases as does the pressure between the regulator and the house. The diaphragm begins to decrease in size, and then it moves the valve plug closer to the orifice, limiting flow. As the gas demand increases in the home the valve will open more, increasing the flow. When the valve plug is shut, it is held in place by the set spring force until the demand from the house decreases, which opens the valve further to increase the flow. This process, referred to as sizing, is the fundamental operation of the regulator. As the valve opens it creates pressure up in the main chamber of the regulator, which is connected to the outlet port of the hose by a venturi tube (see the image). The pressure is controlled by the adjustment of a handle or screw on the outside of the regulator. When the screw is turned counterclockwise, it expands and decreases the pressure. When it is turned clockwise, it reduces the pressure. When you are choosing a regulator for your pressure, remember that the minimum and maximum nominal pressures are established by commercial standards, and not the pressure at the supply line. The regulator must also be compatible with your hose. Find a hose that is labeled as whistle-free, with various sizes of rings to prevent resonant sounds from accumulating along the length of the hose. Thermocouple Thermocouples work on the principle that different types of metals in contact with each other at their ends can generate an electric current, even when they are operating at extremely different temperatures. They are used to detect temperatures that differ between points of an electrical circuit and convert that data into an electronic signal that can be read by thermocouple gauges or any other instrument. Thermocouples are superior to other sensors, such as thermostors. They can detect extremely high temperatures and function in corrosive environments. The measuring (or hot) junction is formed by joining two metals that are not compatible at one end, and the other end, known as the reference (or cold) junction, is kept at the same temperature. Thermocouples are passive devices meaning they don't require power in order to function. The voltage generated is proportional to the difference in temperatures between the measuring and reference junctions. Thermocouple manufacturers as well as metrology standards organizations such as NIST offer reference tables for the function E (T) Displaystyle scriptstyle e(T) For each type of thermocouple. There are three types of thermocouple connections: exposed grounded and weld. The exposed type of junction is a bit higher than the protective sheath and provides the fastest response. For measurements in corrosive environments it is recommended that a grounded thermocouple be employed. A thermocouple that is welded is physically insulated from the sheath using mgO powder to prevent the penetration of moisture or gas that could lead to errors. A thermocouple that is welded comes with the added benefit of being more resistant to vibration. It is recommended for use in harsh environments, and with pressures of up to 3000 psi. If a thermocouple becomes damaged, it's typically caused due to a lack of polarity. If the sheath hasn't been correctly polarized, the two ends of the thermocouple may have different voltages at their measurement junction. This can result in an inaccurate reading, or even damage the instrument. A sensor that isn't properly calibrated or placed in the right place can cause a malfunctioning thermocouple. Thermostat In contrast to electric heaters that need to be wired into the wall gas patio heaters are portable and utilize natural gas or propane cylinders as fuel. Thermostats regulate the flow of energy into these cylinders in order to ensure that they do not overflow but still provide warmth when required. The thermostat is able to detect the temperature of the air passing over it. The thermostat also senses when the room has cooled down to a comfortable temperature, and switches the heating off. Digital thermostats are among the most commonly used. It makes use of a microcontroller to convert a fluctuating electrical resistivity into the temperature measurement. It is able to accomplish this more accurately than older, mercury switch thermostats that utilized mercury coils with three wires in it that moved in accordance with the temperature. This enabled it to tilt the mercury switch connected to the electrical circuit of an air conditioning or heater unit, turning it on or off. A mechanical thermostat is a different type. It's tiny cylinders filled with wax which begins to melt at a temperature that is perhaps 180 degrees F (different thermostats open up at different temperatures). A rod that connects to the valve is then pressed into this wax and opens the valve when it's hot. As the room cools down, the wax contracts and the rod is pushed into the cylinder, closing the valve. There are thermostats that can be programmed to change at different times of the day. This lets you save energy by setting your heating to go on and off when you are at work or asleep, instead of having it on constantly. You can also set your thermostat to turn on sooner so that you can get home to an appropriate temperature. Thermostats usually come with a feature known as a heat anticipator, which will stop the heater from turning on too early. This is due to the fact that certain areas of the home reach the desired temperature prior to the thermostat is set. Pilot Light Many newer homes, heating systems and furnaces have eliminated entirely with pilot lights. However older homes still rely on them to ignite gas in the burner chamber. It's essential to know how to safely to relight the pilot light in case it ever goes out. A pilot light creates small flames that are heated by the thermocouple. The thermocouple produces electricity and keeps the gas valve open. If the pilot flame goes out the thermocouple cools down and stops generating electricity, closing the gas valve. Pilot lights are utilized in the majority of propane and natural appliances, such as water heaters, fireplaces, furnaces, ranges, barbecues and hot tubs. To relight a pilot light, you must first shut off the gas in the appliance. Then, you must remove any doors or panels that may hinder accessing the pilot light. Follow More suggestions on the front to open the tube for the pilot light. Once you've switched off the pilot switch, turn the knob of the gas valve back to “on”. Safety is the primary reason to keep the pilot light on. If you accidentally shut off the pilot light, the gas that is constantly escaping from the tube could build up in your house until a spark or static electricity ignites the gas and causes an explosive explosion. The tubes designed for pilots include a built-in cutoff valve that can stop this from happening. Apart from the safety concerns the burning of a pilot light is also considerable energy. Numerous studies have revealed that a pilot light can consume between $7 and $18 worth of gas every month. This wasted fuel is a bigger burden on the air conditioner in the summer. Another concern with pilot lights is that it attracts spiders, who can spin webs that clog the pilot tubes. A constant flame could release tiny amounts of the chemical Mercaptan which is responsible for the smell of rotten eggs in natural gas. If you're concerned about these problems, consider getting a remote control gas fireplace or replacing your fireplace with a more modern, efficient model.